Glial cells of the central nervous system of Bothrops jararaca (Reptilia, Ofidae): an ultrastructural study / Células gliais do sistema nervoso central de Bothrops jararaca (Reptilia, Ofidae): um estudo ultraestrutural

Although ultrastructural characteristics of mature neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS) are very well described in mammals, much less is known in reptiles, especially serpents. In this context, two specimens of Bothrops jararaca were euthanized for morphological analysis of CNS glial cells. Samples from telencephalon, mesencephalon and spinal cord were collected and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy investigation. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells and ependymal cells, as well as myelin sheaths, presented similar ultrastructural features to those already observed in mammals and tended to maintain their general aspect all over the distinct CNS regions observed. Morphological similarities between reptilian and mammalian glia are probably linked to their evolutionary conservation throughout vertebrate phylogeny...

Muito embora as características ultraestruturais da neuróglia madura do sistema nervoso central (SNC) sejam bem descritas em mamíferos, muito pouco é conhecido em répteis, especialmente em serpentes. Neste contexto, dois espécimes de Bothrops jararaca foram eutanasiados para análise morfológica das células gliais presentes no SNC. Amostras de telencéfalo, mesencéfalo e medula espinhal foram coletadas e processadas para investigação por microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Astrócitos, oligodendócitos, células microgliais e ependimárias, bem como bainhas de mielina, apresentaram características ultraestruturais similares àquelas já observadas em mamíferos e tenderam a manter seu aspecto geral pelas diferentes regiões observadas no SNC. Similaridades morfológicas entre as células gliais de mamíferos e de répteis estão provavelmente ligadas a sua conservação evolutiva ao longo da filogenia dos vertebrados...

Systematic review of infliximab-induced autoantibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus.

The present systematic review aims to discuss infliximab-induced autoantibodies and subsequent onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through the analyses of primary reports measuring autoantibodies both before and after the administration of infliximab for the treatment of several diseases - e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. Our literature search was performed in nine databases - PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Scirus, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scielo and LILACS, and the search query retrieved 998 primary reports, from which 24 articles were selected and further narrowed down to 14, based on our inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and a third reviewer solved discrepancies. Our inclusion criteria comprised primary reports of phase IV clinical trials with duration of at least three months. In total, 760 patients were evaluated and the most prevalent assays performed in the studies were anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), and antibodies to saline-extracted antigens (ENA panel). Of all patients evaluated, 10 (1.3%) showed clinical signs and laboratorial evidence of infliximabinduced SLE.

Revisão sistemática da indução de autoanticorpos e lúpus eritematoso pelo infliximabe / Systematic review of infliximab-induced autoantibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus

Nesta revisão sistemática abordamos a indução de autoanticorpos e lúpus eritematoso pelo infliximabe, analisando estudos que dosaram vários autoanticorpos antes e após o uso do infliximabe em diversas doenças (artrite reumatoide, espondilite anquilosante, artrite psoriásica e doença de Crohn). Nossa busca foi realizada em nove bases de dados (Pub-Med, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Scirus, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scielo e LILACS). Foram encontradas 998 referências; 24 artigos foram separados na íntegra, dos quais 10 foram excluídos por não entrarem em nossos critérios de seleção. A escolha dos artigos foi realizada por dois revisores, e as divergências foram resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Incluímos estudos de fase IV, com no mínimo três meses de duração. No total foram estudados 760 pacientes; o fator antinuclear, o anticorpo anti-DNA de dupla hélice e os antígenos extraídos pela salina foram os mais verificados. De todos os pacientes, apenas 10 (1,3%) apresentaram manifestações clínico-laboratoriais de lúpus induzido por infliximabe.

The present systematic review aims to discuss infliximab-induced autoantibodies and subsequent onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through the analyses of primary reports measuring autoantibodies both before and after the administration of infliximab for the treatment of several diseases - e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. Our literature search was performed in nine databases - PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Scirus, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scielo and LILACS, and the search query retrieved 998 primary reports, from which 24 articles were selected and further narrowed down to 14, based on our inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and a third reviewer solved discrepancies. Our inclusion criteria comprised primary reports of phase IV clinical trials with duration of at least three months. In total, 760 patients were evaluated and the most prevalent assays performed in the studies were anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), and antibodies to saline-extracted antigens (ENA panel). Of all patients evaluated, 10 (1.3%) showed clinical signs and laboratorial evidence of infliximabinduced SLE.